However, Dr. Dale S. Bond of Brown University and his team found that those who lose weight without surgery may have to work harder to maintain their results.
Bariatric surgery is widely believed to be the most reliable way for extremely obese people, those with a body mass index greater than 40 or more than 100 pounds overweight or, to lose weight long-term, wrote Bond and colleagues in a report about the study.
Although recent research indicates rigorous behavioral interventions can also help, their long-term effectiveness is not yet known.
So Bond and his team set out to investigate the long-term results. Their study compared 105 people who had received bariatric surgery to 210 individuals who had lost weight non-surgically. All had lost about 123 pounds and had kept off roughly 30 pounds for an average of five and a half years. Two-thirds of the non-surgical patients had formal assistance with their efforts, while the remainder had no professional assistance.
One to two years after the study began, both groups had gained an average of about 4 pounds a year, with most maintaining their original weight loss to within 11 pounds. The researchers also found that participants who had undergone surgery ate more fat and fast food, and were also less active, than those who had lost weight without surgery.
The participants’ level of disinhibition, or loss of ability to control their impulses, at the study's outset, along with any increases in disinhibition over the following year, were the only factors that predicted whether a person would maintain their weight loss, the study found.
"Designing methods to increase resistance to cues that trigger overeating among individuals who have achieved large weight losses through bariatric or non-surgical methods may assist in preventing weight gain,” the researchers concluded.
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